没有工作的人：美国的隐形危机（有声书）

2017 | English | B073K1FPT1 | M4B 128 kbps | 3 hours and 48 minutes | 212 MB

By one reading, things look pretty good for Americans today: The country is richer than ever before, and the unemployment rate is down by half since the Great Recession.

But a closer look shows that something is going seriously wrong. This is the collapse of work - especially among America's men. Political economist Nicholas Eberstadt shows that while "unemployment" has gone down, America's work rate is also lower today than a generation ago - and that the work rate for US men has been spiraling downward for half a century. Astonishingly, the work rate for American males aged 25-54 - or "men of prime working age" - was actually slightly lower in 2015 than it had been in 1940, before the war and at the tail end of the Great Depression.

Today, nearly one in six prime working-age men has no paid work at all - and nearly one in eight is out of the labor force entirely, neither working nor even looking for work. This new normal of "men without work", argues Eberstadt, is "America's invisible crisis".

So who are these men? How did they get there? What are they doing with their time? And what are the implications of this exit from work for American society?

仅从这一点来看，美国人今天的情况看起来还不错：国家比以往任何时候都更富有，自大衰退以来失业率已经下降了一半。

但仔细观察则显示出了某种严重的问题。这是工作量的崩溃——尤其是美国男子的工作量。政治经济学家尼古拉斯·埃伯特（Nicholas Eberstadt）展示说，尽管“失业”率有所下降，但美国的工作率在过去一代人的时间里也比上个世纪低了；而且美国男性的工作率在过去半个世纪里一直在下滑。令人惊讶的是，25-54岁或“成年工作年龄的男性的”美国人的工作量在2015年实际上比1940年的要低，那是战争结束前以及大萧条末期。

如今，几乎每六个成年工作年龄段的男性中就有一个完全没有正式的工作——几乎八分之一的人完全退出了劳动力市场，既不工作也不去寻找工作。埃伯特（Eberstadt）认为这种“没有工作的男人”的新常态是美国的隐形危机。

那么这些男人是谁？他们是怎么走到这一步的？他们是如何打发时间的？而这种情况对美国社会有何影响？

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